Plant Description of Ranunculus

Plant Description of Ranunculus

RANUNCULACEAE

Ranunculus Scleratus  Linn.

Habit.  Herb.

Root. Tap branched.

Stem. Herbaceous, aerial, erect, angular, fistular, smooth, nodes and internodes very prominent, green in

color.

Leaf. Cauline  and  Ramal, alternate, exstipulate; simple, petiolate, leaf base cheating, lamina much dissected,

each lobe is ovate, entire, obtuse, glabrous, multicostate reticulate.

Inflorescence. Dichasial cyme.

Flower. Bracteate, bracteolate, pedicellate, complete, actinomorphic, hermaphrodite, pentamerous, hypogynous, thalamus is prominent and convex, spirocyclic and yellow.

Calyx. Sepals  5,  polysepalous, quincuncial, slightly petaloid and boat-shaped.

Corolla. Petals  5,  polypetalous, imbricate, yellow, each petal at its base has a pocket-shaped nectary.

Androecium. Stamens are indefinite, polyandrous, spirally arranged, filament long, dithecous, basifixed, extrorse.

Gynoecium. Polycarpellary, apocarpous, ovary superior, unilocular, one ovule in each locule, placentation

basal, style absent, stigma simple and sticky.

Fruit. Etaerio of achenes.

Floral formula.

Classification and identification.

Class.  Dicotyledonae

1.  Venation reticulate.

2.  Flowers pentamerous.

Sub-Class.  Polypetalae

1.  Petals free.

Series.  Thalamij70rae

1.  Thalamus dome-shaped.

2.  Flowers hypogynous and ovary superior.

Orders.  Ranales

1.  Stamens indefinite.

2.  Carpels free or immersed in torus.

Family.  Ranunculaceae

1.  Usually herbs often with divided leaves.

2.  Flowers hemicyclic with one to many generally free carpels.

3.  Stamens are indefinite and extrorse.

1.  English name.  Buttercup or water crowfoot.

2.  Vernacular names. Shim, Jaldhania.

3. Economic importance.  The  leaves are used as a vesicant

Delphinium ajacis  Linn.

Habit.  Herb.

Root.  Branched taproot.

Stem.  Herbaceous,  aerial, erect, cylindrical, branched, fistular, glabrous, green.

Leaf. Cauline  and  Ramal, alternate, exstipulate, simple, sessile,  much  dissected,  each  segment  IS

linear-Lanceolate, entire and acute, glabrous, multicostate reticulate.

Inflorescence.  Racemose raceme.

Flower.  Bracteate,  bracteolate, pedicellate, complete, zygomorphic,  hermaphrodite,  pentamerous,

hypogynous and cyclic.

Calyx. Sepals 5, polysepalous, petaloid, quincuncial, posterior sepal is modified into spur.

Corolla.  Petals 4,  (the  5th  is  reduced),  gamopetalous;2-posterior petals form  the  spur  which  enters  the  spur

of sepal, valvate, blue or violet in color.

Androecium.  Stamens  15 in five groups  of  3 each, polyandrous, filaments flattened, dithecous,  adnate,

extrorse.

Gynoecium. Monocarpellary, ovary superior, unilocular with many ovules, placentation marginal, style

reduced and stigma simple.

Fruit.  Follicle.

Floral formula. 

Classification and identification.

Class.  Dicotyledonae

1.  Venation reticulate.

2.  Flowers pentamerous.

Sub-Class.  Polypetalae

1.  Petals free.

Series.  Thalamijlorae

1.  Thalamus convex.

2.  Flowers hypogynous and ovary superior.

Order.  Ranales

1.  Stamens are indefinite.

2.  Carpels free or immersed in torus; very rarely united.

Family.  Ranunculaceae

1.  Usually herbs often with divided leaves.

2.  Flowers hemicyclic with one to many free carpels.

3.  Stamens are indefinite and extrorse.

Nigella Sativa  Linn.

Stem- Herbaceous, aerial, erect.

Leaf-Cauline and Ramal, alternate, exstipulate, compound, sessile, leaf base sheathing, ultimate segments linear,  entire, acute.

Inflorescence- Solitary terminal; 

Flower- ebracteate, pedicellate, complete, actinomorphic, hermaphrodite, pentamerous,  hypogynous and spirocyclic.

Calyx- Sepals  S,  polysepalous, imbricate, greenish white.

Corolla-Represented by generally  g,  bifid, greenisl1 white honey glands

Androecium - Stamens indefinite, polyandrous, spirally arranged, filaments slender, dithecous, adnate, introrse; 

Gynoecium-S-12 carpellary, syncarpous, ovary superior, S-12locularwith many ovules in each locule, placentation axile, style and stigma as many as carpels; 

Fruit  - Capsule;

Floral formula - 

1.English Name-Rocket larkspur

2. Economic importance- Grown as an ornamental plant. The seeds are insecticidal.

Clematis Paniculata Thund.

Habit.  A climber.

Stem.  Herbaceous,  aerial, weak, climbing with tendrillar petiole, angular,  branched,  solid, smooth and green.

Leaf.  Cauline  and  Ramal, opposite decussate, exstipulate, compound, unipinnate  and  imparipinnate,

petiolate  and  petiolulate, petiole tendrillar eliptic-ovate, entire, acute, glabrous, unicostate reticulate,

leathery.

Inflorescence. Dichasial cyme.

Flower. Bracteate,  bracteolate, pedicellate, incomplete, actinomorphic,  hermaphrodite,  tetramerous, hypogynous, hemicyclic and scented.

Calyx. Sepals 4, polysepalous, valvate, petaloid, white.

Corolla.  Absent.

Androecium.  Stamens indefinite, polyandrous, filaments of the outer whorl longer than those of the inner ones, monothecous, basifixed, extrorse.

Gynoecium.  4-6  carpellary, apocarpous, ovary superior, unilocular, placentation basal, style short, simple,

some hairy outgrowths arise from the base of the ovary.

Fruit.  Achene.

Floral formula.  

Classification and identification.

Class.  Dicotyledonae

1.  Venation reticulate.

2.  Flowers pentamerous.

Sub·Class.  Polypetalae

1.  Petals free.

Series. Thalamijlorae

1.  Thalamus dome-shaped.

2.  Flowers hypogynous and ovary superior.

Order.  Ranales

1.  Stamens indefinite.

2.  Carpels  free.

Family. Ranunculaceae

1.  Flowers hemicyc1ic with one to many free carpels.

2.  Stamens are indefinite and extrorse.